What is the function of the transformer in this circuit?

The function of the transformer in a circuit is primarily to convert voltage levels. This is essential in various electrical applications where different voltage levels are required for efficient operation or safety. Transformers are designed to step up or step down the voltage depending on the needs of the circuit. For instance, they can take a low voltage from a power source and increase it to a higher voltage suitable for transmission over long distances, or reduce a high voltage to a lower voltage suitable for consumer use.

Transformers operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction, where an alternating current in one coil creates a magnetic field that induces a voltage in another coil. This function is critical in ensuring that electrical devices operate within their specified voltage range, thereby protecting them and facilitating their proper functioning.

While other components, like relays and motors, play significant roles in electrical systems, they serve different functions unrelated to the main purpose of a transformer regarding voltage conversion. This reinforces the importance of correctly identifying the specific role of each component in the overall circuit design.