In what configuration is a grounding electrode conductor connected when installed in metal conduit?

The grounding electrode conductor (GEC) is connected in a parallel configuration when installed in metal conduit. This means that the conductor is not running in a series with other conductors but instead connects the grounding system to multiple grounding electrodes or structures simultaneously.

The parallel configuration allows for redundancy in ground paths, which enhances safety by ensuring that if one grounding path fails or is interrupted, alternate paths are available to safely return fault currents to ground. This distribution of the ground system is crucial for effective grounding and bonding of electrical systems, reducing the risk of electrical shock and equipment damage.

In the context of grounding systems, it's important to ensure that all components share a common grounding potential, and a parallel connection achieves this by allowing multiple conductive paths back to the ground without reliance on a single point of connection. This configuration also helps to minimize the voltage potential that could be present across the different grounding electrodes, ensuring more reliable operation of electrical systems and improved safety for personnel and equipment.